| CODE | ERL5013 | |||||||||||||||
| TITLE | The Impact of Port Activities on the Environment | |||||||||||||||
| UM LEVEL | 05 - Postgraduate Modular Diploma or Degree Course | |||||||||||||||
| MQF LEVEL | 7 | |||||||||||||||
| ECTS CREDITS | 5 | |||||||||||||||
| DEPARTMENT | Environmental and Resources Law | |||||||||||||||
| DESCRIPTION | The study-unit is designed to enable students to understand the initiatives taken, at an international and EU-wide level, to reduce the impact on the environment resulting from port operations and shipping activities. The study-unit commences by identifying the International and European legislative framework regulating the various sources of pollution emanating from land-based port activities and ships. This includes initiatives specifically targeting the sources of greenhouse gas emissions with special reference to the EU and IMO Strategy on Maritime Transport Emissions. It will look into the issue of the introduction of alien invasive species which, if left unaddressed, also poses a risk to the marine environment. The impact of sea level rise on ports and to what extent it may be a growing threat to sustainable trade and development will be examined. The Erika and Prestige disasters left a significant mark in the area of environmental protection. In this regard, the study-unit will also look into the devastating consequences of these incidents, the awareness raised and the measures taken by the international community to increase safety standards in maritime transport. Particular reference would be made to the various EU packages that were adopted in this regard. Finally, the study-unit will also look into new technologies and examines the extent towards which they promote the environmental sustainability of maritime transport. In this respect it will also touch upon the IMO regulatory framework for maritime autonomous surface ships and other initiatives. Study-unit Aims: This study-unit aims to provide participants with an understanding of the regulation of harmful emissions and its significance to the protection of human health and the environment in harbour areas. It is designed so that participants become aware of applicable international and EU laws in relation to the prevention of pollution with specific reference to ports and shipping activities. Furthermore, it intends to raise awareness of new and advancing technologies and how they may contribute towards environmental sustainability of maritime transport. Learning Outcomes: 1. Knowledge & Understanding By the end of the study-unit the student will be able to: - Identify the various sources of pollution caused by activities carried out within and adjacent to harbour areas; - Recognise the importance of international and regional regulation directed to protect the environment and its effectiveness; - Assess the adverse impacts on port activities brought about by climate change such as sea level rise; - Appreciate the contribution of new technologies to address these challenges in this area of environmental law. 2. Skills By the end of the study-unit the student will be able to: - Be conversant applicable environmental regulation in this area of maritime law; - Analyse new threats which may adversely affect port activities; - Apply acquired knowledge to particular activities carried out in ports and on ships. Main Text/s and any supplementary readings: Main Readings: - Turcanu Marcu, Andra Luciana, Gasperotti, Carmen; (Galati University Press, 2019), Port management – challenges in adapting their activities to new environment regulations. - Elio Canestrelli, Marco Corazza, Giuseppe De Nadai, Raffaele Pesenti, Managing the Ship Movements in the Port of Venice, Networks and Spatial Economics, 17, 861-887 (2017). - The IMLI Manual on International Maritime Law. Volume III, Marine environmental law and maritime security law. (David Joseph Attard editor; IMO International Maritime Law Institute, 2016. The above are available through the University Library Services Hydi search facility. EU Law - Directive 2001/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 December 2001 amending Council Directive 94/57/EC on common rules and standards for ship inspection and survey organisations and for the relevant activities of maritime administrations. - Directive 2001/106/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 December 2001 amending Council Directive 95/21/EC concerning the enforcement, in respect of shipping using Community ports and sailing in the waters under the jurisdiction of the Member States, of international standards for ship safety, pollution prevention and shipboard living and working conditions. - Directive 2002/59/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 June 2002 establishing a Community vessel traffic monitoring and information system and repealing Council Directive 93/75/EEC. - Directive 2009/16/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on port State control (Text with EEA relevance). - Directive 2009/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on compliance with flag State requirements (Text with EEA relevance). - Directive 2009/20/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the insurance of shipowners for maritime claims (Text with EEA relevance). - Directive 2010/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 October 2010 on reporting formalities for ships arriving in and/or departing from ports of the Member States and repealing Directive 2002/6/EC Text with EEA relevance. - Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. - Regulation (EC) No 417/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 February 2002 on the accelerated phasing-in of double hull or equivalent design requirements for single hull oil tankers and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 2978/94. - Regulation (EC) No 1726/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 2003 amending Regulation (EC) No 417/2002 on the accelerated phasing-in of double-hull or equivalent design requirements for single-hull oil tankers. - Regulation (EU) No 530/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2012 on the accelerated phasing-in of double-hull or equivalent design requirements for single-hull oil tankers. - Regulation (EC) No 417/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 February 2002 on the accelerated phasing-in of double hull or equivalent design requirements for single hull oil tankers and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 2978/94. - Regulation (EC) No 1406/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 June 2002 establishing a European Maritime Safety Agency (Text with EEA relevance). - Regulation (EU) No 100/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2013 amending Regulation (EC) No 1406/2002 establishing a European Maritime Safety Agency Text with EEA relevance. - Regulation (EU) 2019/1239 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 establishing a European Maritime Single Window environment and repealing Directive 2010/65/EU. EU legislation is available through the EUR-Lex Portal on eur-lex.europa.eu International Conventions - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. - International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL). - Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (and the London Protocol). - International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast water and sediments. - International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships. - International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships. International Maritime Organisation - Guidelines for the control and management of ships’ biofouling to minimise the transfer of invasive aquatic species. The above Conventions and Guidelines will be provided during the course. |
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| STUDY-UNIT TYPE | Lecture and Seminar | |||||||||||||||
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The University makes every effort to ensure that the published Courses Plans, Programmes of Study and Study-Unit information are complete and up-to-date at the time of publication. The University reserves the right to make changes in case errors are detected after publication.
The availability of optional units may be subject to timetabling constraints. Units not attracting a sufficient number of registrations may be withdrawn without notice. It should be noted that all the information in the description above applies to study-units available during the academic year 2025/6. It may be subject to change in subsequent years. |
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