| CODE | PHR1103 | ||||||||
| TITLE | Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1 | ||||||||
| UM LEVEL | 01 - Year 1 in Modular Undergraduate Course | ||||||||
| MQF LEVEL | 5 | ||||||||
| ECTS CREDITS | 6 | ||||||||
| DEPARTMENT | Pharmacy | ||||||||
| DESCRIPTION | Data Handling Accuracy and precision; determinate and indeterminate errors; reproducibility and repeatability; propagation of errors and their calculations; confidence limits; confidence levels; control charts; validation of analytical methods; null hypothesis; sample and population parameters; the t- and F tests; rejection of results; regression analysis. Theory of acids and bases Dissociation constants of weak acids and bases; calculation of theoretical titration curves of strong acid versus strong base, weak acid versus strong base, and weak base versus strong acid; hydrolysis of salts; buffers and calculations involved in the preparation of buffers; theory of indicators; choice of indicators. Wet methods of analysis Principles of volumetric and gravimetric analysis; calculations involved in the preparation of stock and standard solutions and dilutions; solubility and solubility product; ionic product; common ion effect and precipitation. Chromatography Basic principles of chromatography; mechanisms involved in separation; thin layer chromatography; column chromatography; gas liquid chromatography (GLC) ; high performance chromatography (HPLC); dead volume; retention times; net retention times; capacity factor; resolution; Number of theoretical Plates; Height equivalent of theoretical plate; band broadening and factors affecting band width; capillary columns; flow cells. Thermodynamics The First, Second, Third Laws of Thermodynamics; Thermochemistry: work and heat; Chemical Equilibrium: entropy, gases; Free energy relation between equilibrium constant and free energy change; Equilibrium in solution. Kinetics Rates of chemical reactions – measure of rate of reactions; Simple Kinetics: Order of reaction, rate constant; 1st order reactions; 2nd order reactions when initial concentrations of reactants are equal; 2nd order reactions when initial concentrations of reactants are not equal; Half life of reactions, unit of rate constant, half life; Relationship between rate constant and temperature of reaction – the Arrhenius equation; Drug stability studies; the mean kinetic temperature and shelf-life. Study-unit Aims: - Provide knowledge and understanding of the principles and objectives of pharmaceutical analysis together with consideration of the fundamentals of measurement and separation science and of general theory of quantitative analysis emphasising concepts of accuracy and precision. - To expose the student to the principles of pharmaceutical calculations as applied to drug delivery and formulation. - To provide knowledge and understanding of the principles and concepts of chemical thermodynamics, equilibrium constants and chemical kinetics and their application to pharmacy. Learning Outcomes: 1. Knowledge & Understanding: By the end of the study-unit the student will be able to: - Understand the Validation process of methods of pharmaceutical analysis. - Handle and interpret analytical data of relevance to pharmacy. - Prepare procedures for Volumetric and gravimetric methods of analysis. - Understand Chromatographic methods of analysis of relevance to pharmacy. - Appreciate the theory of acids and bases of particular relevance to pharmaceutical preparations. - Assimilate basic principles of chemical thermodynamics & kinetics. 2. Skills: By the end of the study-unit the student will be able to: - Design and plan procedures to validate and subsequently execute methods of pharmaceutical analysis and for the analytical interpretation of the results obtained. - Design and plan procedures for the preparation of standard solutions and buffer solutions to be used in wet and chromatographic methods of analysis. - Select the most advantageous conditions for optimizing performance during chromatographic analysis of pharmaceutical preparations. - Determine parameters that control chemical equilibrium and hence yield of products of important pharmaceutical processes. - Determine parameters that control the rates of important pharmaceutical synthetic processes and hence the yield of products of pharmaceutical importance. - Design and carry out stability studies. - Plan and determine the shelf life of pharmaceutical products under different and varying storage conditions. Main Text/s and any supplementary readings: Main Text/s: Christian GD. Analytical Chemistry. UK: Wiley John & Sons, Inc. 2004, ISBN 978-0-471-21472-4. Skoog DA, West DM, Holler JF. Analytical Chemistry: An Introduction, 5th edn. Saunders College Publishing. Atkins P. Physical Chemistry. UK: Oxford U.P. 2006. ISBN 9780198700722. Supplementary Readings: Barrow GM. Physical Chemistry. USA: McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1996, ISBN 9780070051119. Beckett AH, Stenlake JB. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Part I & II, 4th edn. Humanities Press International, Inc. Ahuja S. Pharmaceutical Analysis, Chromatography in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. Meyers R. ed. VCH publishers, New York. Richard E. Selecting the Method, Selecting the Equipment and Consumables in Quality Control in the Analytical Laboratory. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1997). |
||||||||
| STUDY-UNIT TYPE | Lecture and Tutorial | ||||||||
| METHOD OF ASSESSMENT |
|
||||||||
| LECTURER/S | Janis Vella |
||||||||
|
The University makes every effort to ensure that the published Courses Plans, Programmes of Study and Study-Unit information are complete and up-to-date at the time of publication. The University reserves the right to make changes in case errors are detected after publication.
The availability of optional units may be subject to timetabling constraints. Units not attracting a sufficient number of registrations may be withdrawn without notice. It should be noted that all the information in the description above applies to study-units available during the academic year 2024/5. It may be subject to change in subsequent years. |
|||||||||