| CODE | PHR1601 | ||||||||
| TITLE | Pharmaceutical Chemistry | ||||||||
| UM LEVEL | 01 - Year 1 in Modular Undergraduate Course | ||||||||
| MQF LEVEL | 5 | ||||||||
| ECTS CREDITS | 8 | ||||||||
| DEPARTMENT | Pharmacy | ||||||||
| DESCRIPTION | MEASUREMENTS: The International System of Units (SI); Significant figures; Exponents; Logarithms FORMULAE AND COMPOSITION CALCULATIONS: Molecular formulae; Moles and the Mole Concept; Composition from formulae CALCULATIONS FROM CHEMICAL EQUATIONS: Molecular relations from equations; Mass relations from equations MEASUREMENTS FROM GASES: Gas volumes; Standard conditions; Gas laws; General gas law; Density of gas; Dalton's law of partial pressures; Avogadro's hypothesis; Molar volume; Gas volume relations from equations SOLUTIONS: Solute and solvent; Expressing concentrations; Mass per unit volume; Mass per unit mass; Moles per litre; Dilution problems; Reactions involving standard solutions; calculations PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS: Vapour pressure; Lowering of freezing point; Elevation of boiling point; Osmotic pressure; Laws of distribution ENERGY: Units of heat; Specific heat capacity; Latent heat of fusion and evaporation; Thermochemical equations; Laws of constant heat summation; Feasibility of chemical reactions Free energy change and reversible equilibrium IONIC EQUILIBRIUM: Ionic dissociation in aqueous solutions; Hydroxonium ion; Ionisation constant of water; pH and pOH; pK notation; Hydrolysis; Buffer solutions; Titration and indicators DATA HANDLING: Validation parameters; Determinate and indeterminate errors; Confidence limits; Confidence levels; Null hypothesis; Sample and population parameters; the t, Z- and F- tests; Rejection of results; Regression analysis CHROMATOGRAPHY: Basic principles of chromatography; mechanisms involved in separation; Thin layer chromatography; Column chromatography; Gas liquid Chromatography (GLC); High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); Dead volume; Retention times; Net retention times; Capacity factor; Resolution; Number of theoretical plates; Height equivalent of theoretical plate; Band broadening and factors affecting band width; Capillary columns; Flow cells; Applications in qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs, Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: Hybridization and bonding; Structure and shape of molecules: Stereochemistry of organic molecules; Relation between the 3-D of molecules and physical and chemical properties; Isomerism: geometric and optical: Chirality; Projection formulae: Fischer; Sawhorse; Newman and inter- conversion; Notations: cis and trans; Z and E; d and l, D and L and R and S; Sterochemistry of cycloalkanes: configuration versus conformation; Boat and chair forms and relative stability; Axial and equatorial bonds CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: Introduction: types of reactions: substitution, addition and elimination: Types of reagents: nucleophiles, electrophiles and radicals; Types of effects: electronic and steric; Inductive and mesomeric effects; Hyperconjugative effect; Stability of species and canonical forms Study-unit Aims: Completion of this study-unit will aim to: - Establish the foundation needed for the understanding of the basic concepts of pharmaceutical chemistry; - Emphasise the basic principles of atomic and molecular electronic structure; - Establish basic principles for understanding both structure, shape and reactivity of organic molecules; - Establish basic chromatographic techniques and principles. Learning Outcomes: 1. Knowledge & Understanding By the end of the study-unit the student will be able to: - Have good fundamentals of chemistry related to pharmaceutical technology; - Develop a good understanding of chemical terminology and chemical concepts; - Apply the fundamental principles of chemistry of important functional groups to properties and reactivity of molecules; - Appreciate chromatographic techniques and concepts. 2. Skills By the end of the study-unit the student will be able to: - Describe organic molecule properties and reactions; - Discuss and compare analytical method validation parameters; - Apply basic tests used in analytical methods; - Apply principles of pharmaceutical chemistry to properties of drug molecules. Main Text/s and any supplementary readings: - Housecroft C.E., Constable E.C. An introduction to organic, inorganic and physical chemistry, 3rd edn., New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2005. - Lemke T.L. Review of organic functional groups: introduction to medicinal organic chemistry, 5th edn, Philadelphia: Lippincott, 2011. - Vollhardt K.P.C., Schore N.E. Organic Chemistry: structure and function, 8th edn New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 2018. - Lundanes E, Reubsaet L, Griebrokk T. Chromatography: Basic principles, sample preparation and related methods 1st edition. Weinheim, Wiley, 2014. |
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| STUDY-UNIT TYPE | Lecture and Tutorial | ||||||||
| METHOD OF ASSESSMENT |
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| LECTURER/S | Gilbert Mercieca Nicole Dolores Scicluna Janis Vella |
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The University makes every effort to ensure that the published Courses Plans, Programmes of Study and Study-Unit information are complete and up-to-date at the time of publication. The University reserves the right to make changes in case errors are detected after publication.
The availability of optional units may be subject to timetabling constraints. Units not attracting a sufficient number of registrations may be withdrawn without notice. It should be noted that all the information in the description above applies to study-units available during the academic year 2024/5. It may be subject to change in subsequent years. |
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