| CODE | PHR2607 | ||||||||
| TITLE | Thermodynamics of Pharmaceutical Materials | ||||||||
| UM LEVEL | 02 - Years 2, 3 in Modular Undergraduate Course | ||||||||
| MQF LEVEL | 5 | ||||||||
| ECTS CREDITS | 4 | ||||||||
| DEPARTMENT | Pharmacy | ||||||||
| DESCRIPTION | This unit aims to highlight the susceptibilities that different dosage forms have to physical and chemical degradation. It also uses tablets as a case study in order to highlight the official and non-official testing procedures which must be implemented in the context of a sound quality control process in order to assess stability and shelf life. The chemistry and kinetics of oxidation and hydrolysis are discussed and the use of Arrhenius' equation to calculate shelf life in the context of a stability study is also addressed. This study-unit also addresses basic principles of thermodynamics and their applicability in the pharmaceutical scenario. Introduction to Thermodynamics: - The scope and nature of thermodynamics - Definitions - S.I. Units - Exothermic and endothermic processes - States of Matter Basic Properties and their Measurement: - Moles and mass - Volume - Density - Pressure - Temperature and temperature scales The First Law of Thermodynamics and Heat Capacity: - Internal energy of an ideal gas - Heat transfer and heat of combustion - Expansion and Compression - Enthalpy The seond and third Law of Thermodynamics: - Equilibrium states and equilibrium constant - Le Chatelier's principle - Entropy - Energy of a System - Partial pressures - Dalton's Law - Osmotic pressure Phase Transitions: - Stability of phases - Effect of pressure on boiling point - Phase diagrams Study-unit Aims: - Expose the student to thermodynamic concepts; - Support the student to apply thermodynamic mechanisms. Learning Outcomes: 1. Knowledge & Understanding: By the end of the study-unit the student will be able to: - Appreciate the chemistry and processes that affect the physical, chemical and microbiological stability of different dosage forms; - Summarise the First, Second and Third Law of Thermodynamics and all related basic concepts and applications. 2. Skills: By the end of the study-unit the student will be able to: - Calculate equilibria and equilibrium constants; - Apply concepts of thermodynamics to pharmaceutical products and appreciate the resulting impacts; - Write protocols for stability studies; - Calculate expiry dates after accelerated studies have been carried out. Main Text/s and any supplementary readings: - Devoe H. Thermodynamics and Chemistry, London: Prentice Hall, 2001 - Martin A. Physical Pharmacy 4th edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1993 - Seddon J.M., Gale J.D. Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanisms, Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2001 - Smith E.B. Basic Chemical Thermodynamics, New York: Oxford University Press, 1990 |
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| STUDY-UNIT TYPE | Lecture | ||||||||
| METHOD OF ASSESSMENT |
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| LECTURER/S | Claire Shoemake |
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The University makes every effort to ensure that the published Courses Plans, Programmes of Study and Study-Unit information are complete and up-to-date at the time of publication. The University reserves the right to make changes in case errors are detected after publication.
The availability of optional units may be subject to timetabling constraints. Units not attracting a sufficient number of registrations may be withdrawn without notice. It should be noted that all the information in the description above applies to study-units available during the academic year 2024/5. It may be subject to change in subsequent years. |
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