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Title: | Early life exposure to farm animals and symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema : an ISAAC Phase Three study |
Authors: | Brunekreef, Bert Von Mutius, Erika Wong, Gary K. Odhiambo, Joseph Clayton, Tadd O. Montefort, Stephen |
Authors: | ISAAC Phase Three Study Group |
Keywords: | Farm animals Asthma in children Eczema in children Rhinitis |
Issue Date: | 2012 |
Publisher: | Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association |
Citation: | Brunekreef, B., Von Mutius, E., Wong, G., Odhiambo, J., Clayton, T., & ISAAC Phase III Study Group (2012). Early life exposure to farm animals and symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema: an ISAAC Phase Three Study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 41(3), 753-761. |
Abstract: | Background: Associations between early life exposure to farm animals and respiratory symptoms and allergy in children have been reported in developed countries, but little is known about such associations in developing countries. Objective: To study the association between early life exposure to farm animals and symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in a worldwide study. Methods: Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) was carried out in 6- to 7-year-old children in urban populations across the world. Questions about early life exposure to farm animals (at least once/week) were included in an additional questionnaire. The association between such exposures and symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema was investigated with logistic regression. Adjustments were made for gender, region of the world, language, gross national income and 10 other subject-specific covariates. Results: A positive association was found between early exposure to farm animals and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema, especially in non-affluent countries. In these countries, odds ratios (ORs) for 'current wheeze', 'farm animal exposure in the first year of life' and 'farm animal exposure in pregnancy' were 1.27 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-1.44] and 1.38 (95% CI 1.21-1.58), respectively. The corresponding ORs for affluent countries were 0.96 (95% CI 0.86-1.08) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.84-1.08), respectively. Conclusion: Exposure to farm animals during pregnancy and in the first year of life was associated with increased symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in 6- to 7-year-old children living in non-affluent but not in affluent countries. |
Description: | We are grateful to the children and parents who willingly cooperated and participated in ISAAC Phase Three and the coordination and assistance by the school staff is sincerely appreciated. The authors also acknowledge and thank the many funding bodies throughout the world that supported the individual ISAAC centres and collaborators and their meetings. The funders of the study had no role in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. |
URI: | https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar//handle/123456789/22757 |
Appears in Collections: | Scholarly Works - FacM&SMed |
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File | Description | Size | Format | |
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Early_life_exposure_to_farm_animals_and_symptoms_.pdf | 255.62 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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