An exploration of body image and psychological wellbeing in older Maltese men

Abstract

Given global population ageing and the fact that Malta is experiencing a significant increase in the proportion of older adults in its population, research into ageing issues has become a national priority. Although empirical evidence illustrates the correlation between body-image, self-esteem and quality of life, the relationship among older adult men has been highly neglected. The aim for this study was to explore the relationship of body image and psychological wellbeing through the lived experience of older Maltese men. By exploring the participants’ individual experience it was possible to delve into a deeper understanding of how older adults perceive their own ageing body and how such changes influence one’s physical and psychological quality of life. A qualitative research design was used and a total of 12 participants aged between (64-87) participated in audio-recorded semi-structured interviews. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to interpret the data. Several influential factors were highlighted within this study and were grouped into six superordinate themes: psychological well-being in late adulthood, physical wellness in later life, appearance investment in old age, the influence of personal attributes on psychological well-being, active involvement within society and social influence at older ages. The results suggested that older adult men participate in diverse practices in order to maintain their appearance and image. Moreover, for these older men, it was evident that age and appearance do not influence an individual’s ability to participate in social and personal activities. Although physical constraints were demonstrated to be highly influential on ones quality of life, ageing changes and other related issues were suggested to postulate positive emotional wellness, self-confidence and positive portrayal of self-esteem. In addition, societal influences, such as family roles, media and peer comparison were suggested to play a vital role in maintaining one’s appearance and image. Thus, these findings support the idea that body image is a complex phenomenon, influenced by diverse factors, such as individualistic perceptions and social pressures, which in turn influence an individual’s physical and psychological well-being.