First-time fatherhood : experiences of pregnancy

Abstract

The aim of this study was to explore first-time fathers' experiences of pregnancy in relation to their own physical and psychological health. To achieve the aim of the study the following objectives were set out to identify changes in the physical and psychological health of first-time fathers' during their partner's pregnancy, and to explore the experiences of first-time fathers in relation to their own health during their partners' pregnancy. A mixed-method approach was chosen for the study which consisted of a questionnaire to identify and collect data in relation to symptoms experienced, followed by focus group interviews to achieve a deeper exploration of issues first-time fathers encountered. Data collection was undertaken at Parent-craft within Mater Dei Hospital. All first-time fathers attending Parent-craft (N=230) during the month of March, 2011, were invited to participate in the initial phase of the study and a response rate of 87.4% (N=201) was achieved. A purposive sample of 13 fathers was recruited from the 201 participants for the second phase of the study. Ethical issues were prioritised. Findings revealed that first-time fathers do experience changes in relation to their own physical and/or psychological health, during their partners' pregnancy. Interesting to note is the fact that certain symptoms appeared to have more of a distressing effect on the participants than other symptoms, while the duration of symptoms varied across the pregnancy period. The data elicited from the focus group interviews demonstrated that this group of first-time fathers displayed varied thoughts and feelings and highlighted the way they viewed pregnancy as an ambiguous time of change. They acknowledged an uncertainity towards their changing statuses not only in relation to their individual well-being but also concerning the relationship with their partner and society as a whole. Recommendations include the need for 'stand-alone' antenatal classes for fathers, offering them an environment in which they can discuss openly and freely and be directed on the 'need to know' information while providing them with the much needed support. There is a need to include the father throughout the whole spectrum of midwifery care. Further research on fathers' experiences of pregnancy is recommended. Although this study contributes to the growing knowledge about the transition to fatherhood in relation to their experience of pregnancy and its effect on their health, a larger, longitudinal mixed-method study is needed to truly highlight men's transition to fatherhood during pregnancy in the local context. A truly holistic approach to midwifery care needs to be adopted in order to ensure that the term 'family-centred care' becomes a transparent reality.