Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/101989
Title: European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumptionesac (ESAC) : outpatient penicillin use in Europe (1997-2009)
Authors: Versporten, Ann
Coenen, Samuel
Adriaenssens, Niels
Muller, Arno
Minalu, Girma
Faes, Christel
Vankerckhoven, Vanessa
Aerts, Marc
Hens, Niel
Molenberghs, Geert
Goossens, Herman
Zarb, Peter
Authors: ESAC Project Group
Keywords: Antibiotics
Pharmacoepidemiology
Ambulatory medical care -- Case studies
Issue Date: 2011
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Citation: Versporten, A., Coenen, S., Adriaenssens, N., Muller, A., Minalu, G., Faes, C., ... & Goossens, H. (2011). European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC): outpatient penicillin use in Europe (1997–2009). Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 66(suppl_6), vi13-vi23.
Abstract: Background: Data on 13 years (1997–2009) of outpatient penicillin use were collected from 33 European countries within the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC) project and analysed in detail. Methods: For the period 1997–2009, data on outpatient use of systemic penicillins aggregated at the level of the active substance were collected using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC)/defined daily dose (DDD) method (WHO, version 2011) and expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). For detailed analysis of trends over time, seasonal variation and composition of outpatient penicillin use in 33 European countries, we distinguished between narrow-spectrum penicillins (NSP), broad-spectrum penicillins (BSP), penicillinaseresistant penicillins (PRP) and combinations with b-lactamase inhibitors (COP). Results: Total outpatient penicillin (ATC group J01C) use in 2009 varied by a factor of 3.8 between the countries with the highest (16.08 DID in France) and lowest (4.23 DID in the Russian Federation) use. COP represented 45.8%, BSP 40.7%, NSP 10.8% and PRP 2.6% of total European outpatient penicillin use. Total outpatient penicillin use significantly increased over time by 1.53 (SD 0.71) DID between 1997 and 2009. COP (mainly co-amoxiclav) increased by 2.17 (SD 0.40) DID, which was the result of its absolute increase as well as the observed shift from NSP and BSP towards COP. This increase exceeded 10% in 20 countries, where it coincided with a similar decrease in either BSP (15 countries) or NSP (5 countries). Conclusions: Penicillins represented the most widely used antibiotic subgroup in all 33 participating countries, albeit with considerable variation in their use patterns. For Europe, a continuous increase in overall penicillin use and of COP use was observed during the period 1997–2009.
URI: https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/101989
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