An account of the experience of non-binary individuals in Malta through the perspective of professionals

Abstract

The transgender community has gained prominence in contemporary Maltese society, with most of the limelight going to transgender people identifying as men or women. Yet, a considerable number of people identify as non-binary and challenge both the binary cisgender and transgender classifications. The hegemonic ideology of gender in western cultures, including Malta, is based on a binary system and on the assumption that people can either be male or female. Thus, non-binary individuals may go through unique experiences and difficulties due to their gender identity. This research study explored the experiences of non-binary individuals in Malta from the perspective of professionals. Furthermore, this research considered the involvement of professionals in supporting the needs of non-binary people when accessing health and social services. This study aims to fill a gap in research about non-binary identities in the Maltese context and increase awareness of gender non-conforming identities that are often overlooked or subsumed within transgender studies. This qualitative study used semi-structured in-depth online interviews carried out using Zoom with five professionals from the medical, psychology, and social field who had worked with non-binary individuals. The interview transcripts were then analysed using thematic analysis, which led to emerging themes outlining the understanding of non-binary identities; an exploration of the opportunities and challenges that non-binary individuals encounter in Malta; and the role of professionals when working with these individuals. The participants explained that non-binary individuals vary in their definition and expression of their gender identity. Additionally, the participants reflected on various challenges linked to the Maltese heteronormative context on a personal and structural level, such as getting misgendered and victimised. Consequently, non-binary individuals may have a greater risk of experiencing mental health issues like anxiety and depression. The stigma surrounding non-binary identities stems from the lack of awareness and knowledge about gender beyond the binary. Thus, this study identified the need for more awareness of non-binary identities for the general public and professionals working within the psycho-social sector.