The hidden reality of homelessness : addressing important aspects of homelessness, through social work

Abstract

Homelessness in Malta is a reality, that unquestionably cannot be ignored. Several Maltese and foreign individuals have lived through such a challenging life experience, one which deprives an individual of basic needs and brings with it several physical, mental and emotional issues. This study aims to explore and understand in more detail the issue of homelessness in Malta and how it can be addressed better. The research question focuses on exploring this reality and goes on to suggest some changes that can help improve things on the local scene. The question reads, "What would be good social work practices in addressing the issue of homelessness in Malta?" This research was carried out using a qualitative method, where specific data was acquired through semi-structured interviews with nine social workers. The decision behind such a number of participants with their specific backgrounds, was to provide a representative data collection of homelessness from different services and localities. The interviews focussed on the participants’ working definition of homelessness, their awareness of who the homeless people are in Malta, the predominant factors that lead to homelessness, and effective social work practices that can effectively address homelessness. The interviewees’ definition of homelessness included four critical elements; rooflessness, inadequate housing, difficult life experiences and unsettledness and instability. From the data collected, it was evident that foreigners and asylum seekers tend to experience homelessness the most in Malta, followed by individuals with dependencies (known better as addictions) and those suffering from mental health issues. This study was aimed at exploring the predominant factors that may lead individuals to homelessness. Throughout this research, the participants mentioned real estate and rent prices, mental health, dependencies, human trafficking and imprisonment as contributory factors. The social work process, which the social workers put into practice with the clients, was discussed based on the problem-solving model presented by Compton et al. (2005). Recommendations included a need for more adequate and affordable housing for individuals with limited financial capability; a more instantaneous employment seeking process that is aimed at ensuring good quality employment; a more adequate minimum wage; accessible shelters and more awareness about homelessness.