The lived experience of family caregivers of persons with bipolar disorder

Abstract

Background: A dearth of international literature recognises the stress and coping experiences of family caregivers of individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). However, no literature is available on a local aspect. The Theory of Transactional Stress and Coping (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984) and Family resilience Theory (Walsh, 1988, 2003, 2016) articulated and examined variables of this exploratory study. Aim, Objectives and Outcome: To understand deeply the experience of these family caregivers by exploring their stressors, coping strategies and evaluate their suggestions. To create awareness through understanding of their experiences and their suggestions for a healthier holistic family-centred care. Research Question: “What is the lived experience of family caregivers of persons with bipolar disorder?’’ Design and Method: A qualitative approach study based on interpretative phenomenological analysis focusing on a pragmatic outcome. Virtual semi-structured interviews were conducted and recorded due to Covid-19 measures. Data analysis process was done as described by Smith & Eatough (2007) to make sense of their personal and social world. Participants: Five family caregivers living within the same household participated in a purposeful sampling method for rich data and these were approached through an intermediary for ethical purposes. Results: Analyses revealed three major superordinate themes namely always on one’s toes, pulling on one’s forces and the way forward that included other subthemes that identified the stress and coping methods of these caregivers. Moreover, a mixture of problem and emotion focused coping strategies provided caregivers with an opportunity for self-growth and resilience to cope effectively especially during the pandemic of Covid-19. Also, suggestions by participants helped in providing views for improvement in care. Conclusion: There is a need for more information and education to be addressed to eliminate social isolation and stigma. Adequate services and support groups add in the teaching and learning process on how to enhance resilience in family caregivers of bipolar disorder.