Examining cognitive functioning in individuals diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease who have undergone deep brain stimulation

Abstract

Parkinson’s Disease [PD] is neurodegenerative characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms with cognitive symptoms being reported in 25% to 80% of individuals with PD. Deep Brain Stimulation [DBS] is an intervention used to lessen the motor symptoms of PD. Pre-existing studies on PD examining the effects of DBS on cognition present conflicting findings. The aims of this study were; to compare cognitive functioning in individuals with PD who have undergone DBS against individuals with PD who have not undergone DBS and to determine if there was an association between the number of years since DBS surgery and cognition. A quantitative methodology was used with a sample size of 26 participants, a control group of individuals with PD who did not undergo DBS, and an experimental group of individuals with PD who underwent DBS. A combination of neuropsychological assessment tools, a mood screener and a quality of life [QoL] questionnaire were used to collect data. Data was analysed using independent t-tests and correlations. This study’s significant findings are; declines in delayed memory, visuospatial/constructional, executive functioning components of inhibition, set shifting and cognitive flexibility, a younger age of onset of PD in the individuals who underwent. A negative association was found between the number of years since DBS surgery and attention. No differences were found in mood, as mild depression, moderate anxiety and mild stress was found in both groups. QoL improvements in activities of daily living [ADLS] and worsening of communication abilities were found in the experimental group. These findings are congruent with selective preexisting studies. These findings can aid in the management of individuals with PD post DBS as well as having provided the first neuropsychological information on this topic locally.