Analysing food insecurity among undergraduates at the University of Malta

Abstract

Food insecurity is a lack of consistent access to adequate nutritious food - a global concern with significant health implications. Vulnerable populations, including university students, are particularly at risk. This research project aims to analyse the prevalence of food insecurity among undergraduate students reading at the University of Malta. It also focuses on identifying contributing factors, understanding the impacts on physical and mental health as well as academic performance, and exploring coping strategies. Limited research exists on food insecurity among undergraduate students in southern European countries, highlighting the need for this study which has employed a mixed-methods explanatory design to investigate students' experiences of food insecurity. Data was collected through questionnaires, focus groups and interviews. Online questionnaires allowed for efficient data collection, whilst focus groups provided a deeper understanding of participants' perspectives on food insecurity. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with University personnel to gather additional insights. Data analysis involved statistical techniques using IBM SPSS for quantitative data and thematic analysis using NVivo software for qualitative data. Findings show that several students experience some degree of food insecurity due to financial challenges, time constraints and limited food options. Lack of proper food intake negatively affected the undergraduates’ mental health, social interactions and academic performance. University resources including the Food Bank, Student Solidarity Fund and counselling services, were recognised as strategies to tackle the problem of food insecurity among undergraduate students. It was noted that greater promotion of these services is necessary to raise awareness among those unaware of their availability and who would benefit from utilising them.