A comparative architectural appraisal of three late medieval churches : San Bażilju, Bir Miftuħ, and San Mikiel is-Sanċir

Abstract

The main aim of this dissertation is to outline the historical context and construction methods of medieval countryside churches, primarily focusing on three churches, Sta. Maria ta’ Bir Miftuħ in Gudja, San Bażilju in Mqabba, and San Mikiel is-Sanċir in Rabat. These churches will be throughly analysed and documented, moreover a comparative analysis is to be created based upon the research gathered throughout. This study will delve into the principal contrasts and correlations which are to be noted among these three churches, furthermore the churches will be placed within a historical and cultural context in order to understand the roots of their origin. A clearer visual perspective is presented with the digital reconstruction of the floor plans and section of the churches. The first chapter of this study tackles the literary sources selected with regards to the the three chosen churches and the historical context of the Maltese islands. It further outlines the methodological approach which was employed throughout this dissertation. Moreover, it includes two interviews conducted with Dr. Keith Buhagiar and Rev. Dr. Jonathan Farrugia discussing respective sites. The second chapter contextualises these three churches within the historical and cultural developments taking place on the Maltese island during the Medieval period. It briefly discusses Malta’s geographical location, settlement patterns, and the early developments regarding places of worship. A focal point in this chapter includes the influences and developments occurring within the architectural context, as well as the impact they had leading to masonry-built churches. The third chapter focuses on the general characteristics of Maltese Medieval churches, further outlining the construction systems employed, the materials used, decorative elements, as well as any influence which might have impacted such building techniques. Furthermore, each of the chosen churches are throughly analysed separately in order to underline their unique architectural elements. It focuses on the building typologies, decorative embellishments, works of art, as well as any modification which the churches might have been subjected to. The fourth chapter proposes a comparative analysis of the three churches in which the whole of the research stated in the previous chapters is documented into this final chapter. Emphasis is placed on the main similarities and difference outlined amongst the discussed churches delving into the geographical location, the size, embellishment noted in the interior and exterior, as well as any works of art portrayed in any of these churches. Moreover, the reconstruction of the floor plans and sections put forward a clearer representation of the eminent contrasts between each church, and which also presents a visually comprehensible outlook for the viewer.