Proposal for setting up a forensic toxicology laboratory

Abstract

Analytical findings from a forensic toxicology laboratory are used to provide elucidations to questions that may emerge during legal proceedings, aiming to provide justice to victims affected by accidents or crimes. The aim of the study was to propose a practical and sustainable facility where analysis of drugs of abuse can be carried out for forensic purposes. A laboratory workflow was established, and instrumentation and equipment used for the analysis of drugs of abuse were identified following laboratory site visits and interviews with experts. The laboratory floorplan and room layouts were designed and validated by a local architect. The Fixed Capital Investment (FCI), the total cost comprising the FCI and a ten-year running cost, and the number of tests required each month to maintain sustainability of the laboratory were calculated. The proposal consisting of the laboratory plan and costings was presented to professional stakeholders for review. The laboratory workflow helped to identify the analytical techniques and instrumentation required for effective operation. Sample preparation of drugs of abuse from biological specimens is undertaken using protein precipitation or liquid-liquid extraction. Analytes are then screened for the presence of drugs using immunoassay techniques such as the enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique. Following screening tests, confirmatory tests are performed to confirm the identity of the drug using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. After analysis, data is interpreted and reported by a forensic expert. Systems to ensure safety and security of samples, personnel and assets were incorporated in the laboratory layout. Using the total cost of the selected equipment, which amounted to €731,901.11, the FCI was estimated to be €3,404,082.58 (±30%). The total cost for developing and maintaining the laboratory was estimated to total €5,400,000, which includes the FCI and a ten-year running cost of €2,000,000. Based on the total cost, it was anticipated that the laboratory would need to perform approximately 35 tests per month at a cost of €2,000 each to remain financially viable. The project effectively addresses the key requirements for establishing a forensic laboratory and could be feasible for implementation in Malta.