Developing strategies to improve rational use of antibiotics

Abstract

Misuse and overuse of antibiotics has accelerated the rise of resistant bacterial infections, increasing death rates and cost of treatment. The aims of the study were to evaluate the perceptions of the general public on antibiotic use, review outcomes from international health campaigns and put forward recommendations for rational antibiotic use through validated guidelines. A questionnaire to evaluate the public’s perception on the rational use of antibiotics was developed, validated, pilot tested and disseminated to the general public online. Data gathered was analysed using SPSS® Version 27. Literature on Antibiotic Awareness Campaigns (AAC) addressing rational use of antibiotics was reviewed to assess effectiveness. A focus group consisting of four pharmacists and four general practitioners was set up to discuss strategies for reduction of antibiotic resistance. Feedback was used to develop and validate guidelines for the rational use of antibiotics. Two hundred people participated in the questionnaire, 70% were aware of the consequences of antibiotic resistance and 61% felt that information regarding the correct use of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance was inadequate. Prescriptions (15%) for antibiotics for symptoms of cold and flu were expected and 34% did not think they are at risk of contracting an antibiotic-resistant infection. Successful interventions proposed through AAC include monitoring of antibiotic prescriptions, e-prescribing, Point-of-Care tests, and education. Setbacks faced were lack of funding and political support. Results indicate further awareness should be raised against resistance. Education on antibiotic use through AAC should target the community and healthcare professionals individually.