Conservation studies at the Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum

Abstract

In modern times, the Hypogeum has had a short but unfortunate conservation history, as practically since its discovery the red ochre decorations have been visibly deteriorating. Museum reports indicate that, following its discovery, the Hypogeum immediately had conservation problems, in the form of water leaks. These were usually attributed to rain water or leaking cisterns. Otherwise, the place was reported to be dry throughout the year {Zammit 1910). In later years, however, problems appear to have escalated. In 1965, a UNESCO report stated that, although the site was "in excellent condition'', "green algae" were growing near the electric lights (Davey and Plenderleith 1965). By 1978 the algae had become a "real threat to the red ochre decorations", the infestation being attributed to the "high moisture content" present (Pichard 1978). Suggestions to solve this problem included the carrying our of a climatic survey of the site (Pichard 1978; Lehmann 1980) as well as a hydrogeological study of the area, the installation of an effective rain water disposal system and the prevention of condensation within the site (Rybakov 1982). Recommendations for the control of algae included the use of chemicals (Davey and Plenderleith 1965) and the reduction oflight levels (Lehmann 1980).