An exploration of Leonardo da Vinci’s architectural philosophy

Abstract

This dissertation is presented as a historical desktop study that focuses on Leonardo’s contribution to architecture. It centres on Leonardo’s four primary typologies, including the centrally-planned churches, the ideal city for Milan, military architecture and the Palace of Romorantin. By analysing the fundamental concepts of each typology, this research aims to formulate a theoretical framework, that provides a comprehensive understanding of Leonardo’s architectural philosophy. Their place in history coincides with a transitional period within the Renaissance’s maturity, frequently envisioning ideas that were actualised later. Thus, their true worth lies in their influence. Consequently, the primary question this study seeks to answer is the extent to which Leonardo’s architectural ideas shaped Renaissance architectural thinking. Through a combination of intangible influence and case studies. In addition to exploring Leonardo’s impact on Renaissance architecture, this study also briefly investigates his influence beyond this era. The study reveals that Leonardo’s designs provide an extensive record of influential architectural ideas. Notably, his centrally-planned churches introduced a new disciplined language, that contributed to the High Renaissance’s formation. Whilst his discovery of a new fortification geometric reasoning, led to the emergence of a typology, capable of withstanding artillery fire. Leonardo’s influence can also be observed in France, as illustrated by Château de Chambord, particularly its double helix staircase. Meanwhile, the impact of his ideal city was most prominent among the Modernist architects. Although Leonardo’s influence on Renaissance architecture remains unquantifiable, his contributions fundamentally shaped its evolution. His enduring influence continues even today, as exemplified by the Golden Horn Bridge proposal.