Lectures in administrative law XXIX

Abstract

Having explored remedies available against executive actions causing grievance due to administrative or legislative acts, let us now proceed to the ultimate considerations. As previously discussed, Article 469A stipulates that public authorities are generally immune from damage claims arising from acts deemed unlawful, unless clear evidence of bad faith and unreasonableness can be established. Does this imply that public administration is not held to the same standard of ordinary civil laws that govern tort and contractual liabilities for individual citizens?