Malta’s foreign and security policy in twenty years of EU membership : a Small State’s strengths and weaknesses in world politics

Abstract

Malta’s diminutive stature in world politics significantly influences its international strategy. Leading up to and following its accession to the European Union, Malta underwent a transformation that solidified its integration within Europe, particularly in foreign policy matters. Simultaneously, Malta has upheld its stance of active neutrality, skilfully adjusting to both global demands and EU requirements, thereby steering clear of disengagement from European policies. Joining the EU opened doors for Malta to the European single market and the wider world economy, bolstering its security and driving change across various sectors. Nonetheless, a thorough understanding of Malta’s international relations approach is incomplete without considering its internal political dynamics. Maltese politics are notably divided, with a general trend of disagreement prevailing. Yet, this division has not hindered the country from reaching a unified stance during pivotal moments, such as the adoption of permanent neutrality in its constitution in 1987 and the decision to join the EU in 2004. This paper succinctly outlines Malta’s international relations since its independence in 1964 and delves in more detail into the impact of EU membership on its foreign policy.