Perceived reasons that influence trade union membership : the Maltese context

Abstract

This study is to examine the underlying factors contributing to the low membership rates in Trade Unions (TUs) in Malta. TUs have been a significant player in Malta's social and political scene for several years. However, the number of unionised employees has been decreasing (Baldacchino, 2009). In order to accomplish the objectives of this study, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with active participants in the industrial relations field. The participants included four high-ranking Trade Union (TU) officials, one high official from the Department of Industrial and Employment Relations (DIER), one high official from the Malta Employers' Association (MEA), and two shop stewards from Malta's two largest TUs (the General Workers Unions (GWU) and the Union Haddiema Maghqudin (UHM)). The interviews were analysed thematically (Braun and Clarke, 2006) to identify the primary drivers behind this trend. The study found that various factors significantly affect TU membership, such as the ever-changing labour market and its workforce, the rise of foreign employees, the free riders’ effect, the negative perceptions of TUs, and an increasing trend towards individualism. TUs are an established institution that continues to play a vital role in Malta's society, despite the obstacles they face in recruiting new members. Nonetheless, it is crucial to assess their future prospects and evaluate how they can adapt to the changing times and increase their membership rates. The research findings suggest that TUs need to address the challenges they face to remain relevant and continue to provide valuable services to their members.