Investigating the role of memory in eyewitness testimony : an experimental approach

Abstract

Eyewitness testimony is a complex phenomenon, which plays a pivotal role in the criminal justice system. Yet, it is susceptible to fallibility, distortions, and inaccuracies. The contradicting results and lack of research in the area were a source of motivation behind this study. Additionally, this is the first study in Malta that explores eyewitness memory via adhoc repeated measures. For this study, 45 participants voluntarily took part. At the onset of the study, demographic information, mood, and visual memory scores were gathered. The participants viewed a non-traumatic crime scene video and consequently, answered questions pertaining to the event. Three styles of questioning were employed; free recall, cued recall, and recognition. After a week, participants were contacted again for the re-gathering of their testimonies. The results obtained showed that cued recall is the best mode of questioning, eliciting both quality and quantity. Findings did not show any statistical significance between eyewitness accuracy and occupation, drug use, and mood. However, this study found significant results and exposed an interesting relationship between testimonies, gender, age, and visual abilities. The findings provide valuable insight into the malleability of eyewitness memory, enhancing our understanding and contributing to the promotion of effective investigation techniques for law enforcement and policymakers involved in the justice system. While it is crucial to acknowledge the limitations of this study, and the artificial nature of the staged crime event, this research opens avenues for further investigations and improvements in the reliability of eyewitness accounts, bolstering the integrity of the justice system.