The impact of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) in pharmacy

Abstract

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) segments present in prokaryotes that contain short repetitive sequences, serving as a defense mechanism against viral DNA. In comparison to other genome editing techniques such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas protein system has demonstrated simplicity, accessibility, and higher efficiency rate, up to three to four times, for precise DNA modifications.

Conditions like Huntington’s disease, cystic fibrosis, and sickle cell anaemia are caused by single-gene mutations. Multifactorial diseases like cancer and diabetes result from a combination of genetic mutations and environmental factors. Many of these diseases currently lack effective treatments. CRISPR/Cas technology holds substantial promise as an effective tool to address these conditions.

The aim of this study was to develop, validate and evaluate material to be used in a seminar targeted to pharmacists. The material highlights ways in which CRISPR can impact the field of pharmacy.

Literature review on CRISPR's role in pharmacy was conducted, focusing on its application in chronic and hereditary diseases. Information was used to deliver a presentation to a focus group (n=6) of pharmacists. The presentation covered basics of CRISPR to advanced applications, with a focus on practical scenarios. The focus group evaluated the presentation and feedback indicated that they were satisfied with the quality of the presentation. Requests were made for basic training of pharmacists on genetics and gene editing.

Involving pharmacists in the realm of CRISPR can contribute to ensuring that patients receive safe and efficient treatment, particularly in the emerging domains of gene editing and personalized medicine. Leveraging pharmacists' expertise in drug therapy and patient care can position them as valuable contributors to the successful integration of CRISPR technology in healthcare.