Beyond the high : exploring and characterising cannabis use patterns and motives of emerging adults

Abstract

This dissertation analyses the motivations behind cannabis consumption during the transitional phase of emerging adulthood. It sheds light on the interplay between motivations for recreational and problematic use, as well as non-use and the associated social, political, and cultural factors. The literature draws on factors that influence one’s behaviour and how they are influenced by various risk and protective factors, including genetics, personality variables, social and familial-environmental factors, co-morbid disorders, education, economic and social disadvantages, and trauma. The review explores the concept of "emerging adulthood," which is characterized by a growing responsibility for one's own self and a struggle to break free from family ties, and how these factors link to the use of substances. It also draws parallels to the shifting landscape of contemporary Maltese society, due to influential factors such as economic development, globalisation, and a shift towards neo-liberalism. The study design involved qualitative semi-structured interviews with six professionals. Findings indicated that young people nowadays are better informed and possess a more open mind towards cannabis use due to the presence of a more open dialogue. Nature and nurture both play a significant role in the motivations for use. Environmental factors such as upbringing, exposure and accessibility, social context, and peer influence, along with individual factors such as age, genetic predisposition, and mental health status can all contribute to a person's decision to use cannabis. Self-medication stood as one of the primary reasons why people consume cannabis. However, it was clearly agreed upon by all parties that substance use is largely a symptom of an underlying situation or condition, rather than a standalone activity. Ultimately, the study highlights the importance of self-awareness, prioritising emotional needs and the understanding of root causes of behaviour to address problematic use. Identifying motivations for cannabis use can provide insights for effective prevention and intervention strategies, as well as aid in the development of a more open dialogue, the reduction of biases and misinformation, and the promotion of harm reduction.