Aspirations and avenues for post-secondary education for adolescents with intellectual disabilities in Malta : parents’ perspectives

Abstract

This study aimed to address the research gap regarding post-secondary education for adolescents with intellectual disability in Malta. Through a qualitative approach, parents’ experiences of the transition from compulsory to post-compulsory education were explored by understanding their adolescents’ school experience, transition challenges, aspirations, and barriers and facilitators they encounter in accessing post-secondary education. Six parents of adolescents with intellectual disabilities participated in individual semi-structured interviews; three had adolescents attending the last two years of compulsory secondary education, and three had adolescents attending post-secondary education (PSE). The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. From this analysis, four major themes were constructed showing that parents hold strong aspirations for their children with intellectual disabilities to attend PSE, driven by the desire for their adolescents to achieve independence and a fulfilling life. However, the limited available PSE options fall short of meeting these expectations and limit adolescents’ involvement in decision-making. Students with intellectual disabilities face a lack of understanding, support, and accommodations throughout their educational journey, leading to social exclusion and academic struggles. The emphasis on academics and qualifications further hinders their access to PSE, as the curriculum is ill-adapted to their needs. These limitations strain parents' lives and result in constant worry and uncertainty, requiring additional support from the community and institutions. The study calls for systemic support, inclusive practices, and comprehensive policies to address the gaps in PSE. A reconceptualization of PSE is necessary, including a functional curriculum, individualized accommodations, and meaningful recognition of students' efforts.