Reducing cardiovascular risk in hypercholesterolemia

Abstract

Hypercholesterolemia, characterised by elevated cholesterol levels, is a significant contributor to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. This paper provides a comprehensive overview, exploring its genetic, lifestyle and metabolic intricacies. The cardiovascular risk factors associated with hypercholesterolemia, including age, family history, diabetes, smoking and low HDL-cholesterol levels, highlight the complexity of managing this condition. Current treatments, particularly statins demonstrate effectiveness in lowering LDL cholesterol and reducing cardiovascular events. However, challenges bring up the need for alternative therapies, such as PCSK9 inhibitors and gene therapy, revealing the evolving landscape of hypercholesterolemia management. In summary, this review urges ongoing efforts and comprehending, managing and advancing hypercholesterolemia treatments. By combining existing knowledge with ongoing research and prioritising patient-centred approaches, we aim to improve outcomes and better address the challenges posed by hypercholesterolemia.