The multidisciplinary studies of the Megalithic Temples of Malta leading to their sheltering, and beyond

Abstract

The Megalithic Temples of Malta, a group of Neolithic complexes constructed on the Maltese Islands during the 4th and 3rd millennia BC, represent the development of a unique and sophisticated architecture reflecting a good knowledge - and a clever use - of available resources, utilising similar layouts across different buildings, dictating physical and visual access and how people experience the sites. These complexes are important symbols of national identity: their distinctiveness makes them recognizable as a Maltese creation, with some of their features represented in various art forms, depicted in coats of arms of some municipalities where they are located (Mġarr, Paola, and Xagħra) as well as on national coinage whilst also becoming sought-after tourist attractions and contributing significantly to cultural tourism and also to the Islands' economy. These sites' outstanding universal value has been recognized by UNESCO, with six of them (Ġgantija, Ħaġar Qim, Mnajdra, Tarxien, Ta' Ħaġrat, and Skorba) inscribed on the World Heritage List as "outstanding examples of an architectural ensemble that illustrates a significant stage in human history" (criterion iv). Apart from attesting to the sites' universal importance, inscription on the World Heritage List also requires state parties to ensure suitable management of the sites so that they survive to be enjoyed by future generations. Research and actions that lead to their preservation, therefore, can be viewed as part of Malta's obligation towards the international community.