The bigger, the better? : perceptions of male young adults about masculinity and bodybuilding

Abstract

The objective of this qualitative study is to explore the perceptions of male young adults about masculinity and bodybuilding. A comparative analysis between those who practice bodybuilding and those who do not practice it was conducted. Issues related to body image, self-esteem, physical desirability, and social influence are also part of the enquiry. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews, whereby ten young male adults, five who practiced bodybuilding and five who did not, were selected. Numerous themes emerged from the interviews and were analysed and discussed using Braun & Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis model. Festinger’s Social Comparison Theory (1954) was employed as a conceptual framework. Results showed varying similarities and differences between the perceptions of both samples about the aforementioned issues. All the participants agreed that practicing bodybuilding increases one’s perceived physical desirability. The bodybuilders tended to describe themselves as possessing higher self-esteem and self-confidence as a result of their musculature. The informants of both samples however do not associate increased muscularity with increased masculinity. When defining masculinity, personality and character traits were considered far more important than physical attributes. The research concludes with recommendations discussing strategies to increase self-acceptance in the light of the findings.