Multi-type childhood maltreatment : associations with health risk behaviours and mental health problems in adolescence

Abstract

This study aims to determine whether multi-type child maltreatment is associated with health-risk behaviours and mental ill-health in adolescence. Design/methodology/approach - Four hundred and six, 15-16 year-old students from Maltese schools answered the “Child maltreatment physical and mental health” questionnaire (Nguyen, Dunne and Le, 2009). This assessed demographics, health risk behaviour, mental health and child maltreatment. Findings - 27.4%, 16.6%, 11.1% and 6.5% of the students experienced one, two, three and four categories of maltreatment respectively. For health-risk behaviours, there were positive relationships between multi-type maltreatment and school fights (r=.27, p<0.01); breaking school rules (r=.19, p<0.01); illicit drug use (r=.14, p<0.05); and alcohol use (r=.10, p<0.05). As regards mental health, multi-type maltreatment was positively associated with depression (r=.38, p<0.01) and anxiety (r=.23, p<0.01); and negatively associated with self esteem (r=-.26, p<0.01). Practical implications; Early recognition of multi-type maltreatment and its consequences enables providers of children’s services to offer the required diverse range of services. Additionally, policy makers should ensure adoption of multi-sectoral and collaborative inter-agency approaches so as to effectively and holistically manage child maltreatment, not only during the acute childhood phase but also during adolescence and adulthood, when consequences are expected to emerge. Originality/value: This study raises awareness about the prevalence of multi-type child maltreatment in Malta. It also highlights the negative association between commutative exposure to multi-type child maltreatment and mental health outcomes and risky behaviours.