Imaging the Cervix : part II

Abstract

Endometriosis, a benign gynaecologic disorder that affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age, is defined as endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Cervical involvement with endometriosis is rare occurring in 0.1%–2.4% of patients. Cervical endometriosis may be superficial or deep depending on the depth of penetration of the cervix. The pathogenesis of cervical endometriosis is unknown. Superficial cervical endometriosis may be an incidentally detected histologic finding in asymptomatic women. It may also manifest as a cervical mass, with symptoms of pelvic pain or abnormal vaginal bleeding. On ultrasound, cervical endometriosis may present as a complex cystic mass within the endocervical canal, but may even appear solid extending into the paracervical tissues. In the latter case, it could mimic leiomyomas, polyps, and even carcinoma. Although clinical history and speculum exam may suggest the diagnosis, biopsy confirmation is required.