Assessing Maltese consumers‘ knowledge and perceptions of agricultural biotechnology

Abstract

The application of genetic modification (GM) techniques for food production depends heavily on public perceptions and acceptance, especially because such technologies remain somewhat controversial. This study sought to assess the views of consumers in Malta regarding genetic enhancement tools used in food production, with the aim of obtaining a better understanding of the potential application of such technologies in Malta. The application of agrobiotechnology is controversial and consumer reception varied. Data was gathered using a mixed methods approach, combining two techniques: focus groups and surveys. Results indicated some, but generally limited knowledge of GM technologies amongst respondents, with, for example, little ability to distinguish between cisgenic and transgenic techniques. Consumers‘ willingness to consume foods produced through such technologies varied, with demographic variables such as gender, and age found to be relevant in shaping consumers‘ opinions. On the other hand, consumers‘ level of education did not seem to have an influence on accepting GM foods. A lack of readiness to accept gene technology was found. The results also showed that consumers are predominantly concerned about potential health risks of this technology, with some willing to pay more to purchase food that has not been genetically modified. There was little evident concern about the potential environmental impacts of GM foods. Results indicate the need for more provision of objective information, to enable the public to make informed choices. Participants also highlighted the importance of information being provided by trusted sources and emphasized the need of labelling. The study also suggests that there is potential for more extensive involvement of the public in discussions and decision-making related to such technologies and their application in Malta.