Parents’ lived experiences and perceptions of raising a child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) : a qualitative study

Abstract

The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the parents’ lived experiences and perceptions of raising a child with ADHD. A literature review was presented, with reference to the theorectical framework of McCubbin and McCubbin’s Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation. Data was collected through six semi-structured interviews and analysed by an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach. The following six superordinate themes emerged from the data: (1) The onset of an inevitable reality, (2) Living with the child’s condition, (3) Impact of ADHD on family relationships, (4) Adjusting and Adapting to ADHD, (5) Management of the child’s ADHD, and (6) Looking ahead for the future. Findings revealed that ADHD impacts the parents’ psychological, emotional and social wellbeing. A negative parent-child relationship affects other interactions amongst family members which creates further stress and an atmosphere of tension the family. Changes in patterns of functioning, the availability or provision of social support and spirituality are key factors for the parents’ ability to adapt and adjust to ADHD. ADHD is managed mostly through a combination of medical and behavioural (including psychosocial) interventions. Such themes were discussed and evaluated in relation to the existent literature, with reference to the study’s theoretical framework. The limitations and usefulness of study were considered. Advice from parents to other parents of children with ADHD were provided, together with recommendations for future developments and research.