The short term effects of balance exercises on the stability of athletes

Abstract

Balance is a key element in everyday life. It is especially important in athletes, since good balance control reduces the risk of injury. This study was aimed at investigating the short term effects of a balance exercise programme on the stability of athletes. It also examined the relationship with factors such as BMI, the presence of scoliosis, and activity level. The 27 participants were all aged 12-15. Nine individuals were basketball players, nine did athletics and the other nine did not perform any sport outside of school. The data collected included age, BMI, presence of scoliosis and foot pressures using a baropedometric platform. Participants were subjected to a Romberg test, followed by a warm up, balance exercises and another Romberg test. Data was analysed using SPSS ®. Significant differences were found in foot pressures when comparing BMI, the presence of scoliosis and the difference between an active and sedentary lifestyle. BMI showed significant changes in RMSY (p = 0.035) with eyes open and RMSY with eyes closed (p = 0.033). Ymean (p = 0.017) with eyes closed, was found to be significant in individuals who had AIS. Significant values when comparing activity level were present in speed (p = 0.04), Xmean (p = 0.025), RMS (p = 0.037) and RMSX (p = 0.016) with open eyes. RMS (p = 0.018) was significant with eyes closed. No significant difference in foot pressures was present in other categories. This study found that participants who lead a more active lifestyle had better stability and balance control. Individuals who had AIS had poorer balance control. Participants who were overweight had poorer stability when compared to underweight and normal weight individuals, and had decreased balance awareness after the procedure was performed. A balance exercise programme has the potential to increase stability immediately after exercises have been performed.