The residual value models : a framework for business administration

Abstract

This article investigates the relationship between a firm’s performance and Residual Value Models (RVM) which serve as decision making tools in corporate management. The main measures are the Economic Value Added (EVA®2) and Cash Value Added (CVA®3), with key components the Residual Income (RI), Free Cash Flow (FCF) and Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). These measures have attracted considerable interest among scientists, practitioners and organizations in recent years. This work focuses on the relations, among Net Income (NI), Residual Income, Cash Flows from Operations activities (CFO), cost of equity capital and debt capital, we also discuss the usage of accounting data from accrual or cash flow basis, the economic adjustments on them, and the compatibility with IFRS4 rules or other countries’ GAAPs5. Generally, the decision making based on Value Based Management (VBM) key metrics shows inconsistencies and limitations in definitions and applications, but at the same time, it is a way for management to have influence on the company’s performance and total market value (TMV) which are strongly related to current and future VBM key metrics’ amounts. The contribution of this paper is that it surveys from a critical perspective, literature about Residual Value Models (RVM) and VBM metrics and proposes a new framework for managing the firm’s value and monitoring performance.