A mixed-method examination of post-adoption service needs in Malta

Abstract

This study aimed to discover the post-adoptive service needs of post-adoptive families in Malta and the perceived barriers that prevent families from utilising such services. In order to address the research question, a mixed-methods approach was used which involved two studies, a quantitative study (phase 1) and qualitative study (phase 2). In phase 1, telephone surveys were carried out with 72 participants (24% response rate) to assess post-adoption service use and need. In phase two, five semi-structured qualitative interviews were held with two adoptive parents, one adult adopted child and two social workers. The semi-structured interviews delved into the services identified as being needed in phase 1 of the study, the perceived barriers preventing families from utilising such services and service design recommendations. Descriptive statistics along with statistically significant associations were extracted from phase 1 and combined with the main themes elicited through thematic analysis from the interviews in phase 2. The results indicated that a total of 64 participants ever experienced at least one child or parent-related issue. The services most used were Appoġġ Adoption Service (56) followed by medical/health services (49), and informal sources of information (44). A number of barriers were presented but the most pertinent were lack of awareness about services, fear of stigma, and that families would rather turn to informal support. The main recommendations were (1) creating a central source providing information, including web-based sources, and training; (2) development of specific post-adoption services such as parenting skills programmes, support groups, and training of professionals; and (3) increase synergy and networking between stakeholders in order to improve awareness, promote positive messages about diverse families and increase evidence-based research. Time and resources must be dedicated to design and refine services in order to meet those needs. The most important lesson to learn is that although families have needs one must not forget to look at the individuals and remember that they want to be treated with empathy and understanding like any other family.