Investigating transfer effects to executive functions following task switching training

Abstract

Executive functions (EFs) refer to the higher-order processes needed to attain goal-directed behaviour. It is generally agreed that EFs involves three main cognitive functions – Working memory, inhibitory control, and task switching. Enhancement and maintenance of EFs had been investigated by applying cognitive training. Studies have reported mixed transfer results to EFs following focused training interventions. This paper focuses on randomized-task switching training spanned across a six-session intervention, whereby pretest and posttest assessment of nearby EFs were compared to passive controls. The training regimen included two randomized-task switching tasks. The transfer assessment focuses on the near-transfer criterion of EFs, i.e. working memory (AOSPAN & SymSpan), inhibitory control (Stop- Signal & ANT), and task switching (alternating-run paradigm). Results showed improvement in task-specific performance but no transfer to nearby EFs, and no transfer to the dissimilar alternating-run task switching paradigm. Results suggest that a randomized-task switching training intervention may not be as effective as the alternating-run task switching training, yet it may be catered to specific individuals displaying attentional control deficits.