A quasi-experimental self-help programme to reduce pain and improve function among older adults living with arthritis in the Maltese community

Abstract

This dissertation aims to test the benefits of self-help pain management skills by conducting a quasi-experimental self-help programme to reduce pain and improve function among older adults living with arthritis in the Maltese community. This was implemented by comparing outcome measures results obtained from the control group in which participants were receiving regular intervention to the data collected from the intervention group which attended a self-help pain management programme in addition to regular intervention. A quantitative research study using convenience sampling was conducted to compare the control group (24 participants) with the intervention group (21 participants). The numeric pain scale, Barthel index and EQ-5D were used as outcome measures prior to and post intervention to compare the results in both groups. The general findings of this study indicate decreased pain both in the control and intervention group. Pain reduction was mostly evident in the oldest age bracket of both groups. When pain/discomfort was analysed as an element of quality of life, reduction was more evident in the intervention group. Functional performance as measured by the Barthel index and quality of life (as reported in EQ-5D test) improved at a better rate post intervention when compared to the control group. This study’s findings will be shared with the multi-disciplinary team to increase awareness of the prevalence of pain, decreased functional performance and impact on the quality of life of older adults living with chronic arthritic pain. Moreover, the relevance of incorporating self-help pain management skills when dealing with older adults living with arthritic chronic pain will be emphasised. Findings accentuate the importance of using a client-centred approach, using a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Furthermore, a strong network of support is encouraged. All this can be facilitated by carrying out regular self-help pain management programmes in geriatric settings. Considering the positive results, such an intervention type is being suggested in local geriatric settings as part of care pathways for individuals suffering from chronic arthritic pain. However, a larger study is needed to determine its total effectiveness.