Neuroinflammation as the proximate cause of signature pathogenic pattern progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, AIDS, and multiple sclerosis

Abstract

The realization of injury to large motor neurons is embedded within contextual reference to the parallel pathways of apoptosis and necrosis of system-patterned evolution. A widespread loss of cell components occurs intracellularly and involves a reactive participation to a neuroinflammation that potentially is immunologically definable. In such terms, sporadic and hereditary forms of amyotrophic sclerosis are paralleled by the components of a reactive nature that involve the aggregation of proteins and conformational misfolding on the one hand and a powerful oxidative degradation that overwhelms the proteasome clearance mechanisms. In such terms, global participation is only one aspect of a disorder realization that induces the development of the defining systems of modulation and of injury that involves the systems of consequence as demonstrated by the overwhelming immaturity of the molecular variants of mutated superoxide dismutase. It is further to such processes of neuroinflammatory consequence that the immune system is integral to the reactive involvement of neurons as patterns of disease recognition and as the system biology of prevalent voluntarily motor character. It is highly significant to recognize various inflammatory states in the nervous system as prototype variability in phenotype expression and as incremental progression in pathogenesis. In fact a determining definition of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is an incremental phenotype modulation within the pathways of the consequential loss and depletion of motor cell components in the first instance. Neuroinflammation proves a pattern of the contextual spread of such pathogenic progression in the realization of end-stage injury states involving neurons and neuronal networks.