The role of imaging in the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux in paediatrics.

Abstract

Vesicoureteral Reflux is a common condition in paediatrics that usually leads to Urinary Tract Infection that can have serious consequences on kidney function. The aim of this study is to discuss the possible imaging modalities that are used for the diagnosis of Vesicoureteral Reflux. This research is based on a literature review where three modalities can be used to diagnose Vesicoureteral Reflux. These are Micturating or Voiding Cystouretrography, Ultrasound and Radionuclide Cystography. Although Voiding Cystouretrography delivers a high dose of radiation and it is invasive it remained the modality of choice to diagnose and grade Vesicoureteral Reflux since it shows any abnormalities in the urinary system that might be causing this condition. Ultrasound on the other hand, is not a reliable tool to demonstrate Vesicoureteral Reflux but when galactose-based contrast is used in Ultrasound it can be almost 97% sensitive. It's main drawback however is that contrast used in Ultrasound can be expensive since it is relatively new. The role of Radionuclide Cystography in Vesicoureteral Reflux is mainly for monitoring purposes since it is very sensitive without giving a high dose to the child.