Depression in patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Maltese primary care

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes and depression are two common chronic conditions affecting the Maltese population with significant and costly effects on health. Multiple studies have demonstrated a higher prevalence of depression in diabetic patients and a link with uncontrolled diabetes; however, despite this, depression is still not considered as important to chronic conditions in terms of the effects it has on health. -- Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetic patients in primary care and to study their associated risk factors. -- Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study was performed among 400 participants with type 2 diabetes attending diabetes clinics within the public health centres in Malta. Patients completed a self-administered questionnaire to quantify depressive symptoms and to study patient and disease characteristics. Convenience sampling was used to collect the data. -- Results: Data analysis showed that the prevalence of depression is around 29.7% among type 2 diabetic patients. Younger diabetics, women, lower educational levels, unemployment, obesity, a family history of depression and uncontrolled diabetes were found to be associated with a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms. -- Conclusions: Screening for depression in type 2 diabetic patients is important due to the high prevalence and significant impact on health. Appropriate management can significantly improve the outcome of both conditions and consequently improve both health and quality of life.