Seroprevalence of varicella zoster IgG antibodies in the Maltese population

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of varicella zoster virus IgG antibodies reflects the levels of immunity against varicella zoster better known as chicken pox. This age specific sero-prevalance of varicella zoster virus antibodies will assess a sample of the Maltese population. Objective: Many countries are currently studying the possibility of undergo a mass vaccination program against varicella . The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive picture of the pre vaccine epidemiology of the VZV to possibly aid in the designing an immunization program for the Maltese islands. Method: the population was divided into six age groups::; 5, 6-9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-29, 30- 39 years. Serological analysis was carried out on 395 serum samples using ELISA test kits for varicella zoster IgG antibodies. Results: Out of the 395 samples tested, 255 samples yielded a positive result for varicella IgG antibodies. This implies that 67.3% of the study population possesses immunity against Varicella zoster virus infection. The study population represents the whole population with an adequate power .Conversely 124 samples of the study population yielded a negative result suggesting that 32.7% of the Maltese population lack immunity. Conclusion: The prevalence of varicella IgG antibodies in the Maltese population resulted as not being one of the highest in Europe and the fact that the virus predominantly attacks very small children and is generally perceived as benign. It is recommended that Varicella vaccination is given at the earliest stage if possible. The Varicella vaccine should be offered routinely to all healthy children between the ages of 12 and 18 months, and to all susceptible children before their 13th birthday, and if funds IV ) are available vaccination should also be offered to all non- immune healthcare workers I subjects at specific risk of contracting or spreading the disease.