The multi-item localization (MILO) task : measuring switch costs in visual attention using multiple sequence testing

Abstract

This research study, based on a multiple-sequence visual search task, aims to explore whether switch costs are present when switching between two different sequences within the same visual task and how this affects the performance of the individuals. In Visual Search, there is very limited research in exploring switch costs when switching sequences in a visual search task. Using the MILO task through a quantitative methodology, a multiple sequence design makes it possible to test whether such switch costs are present. In this study, 26 participants with normal or corrected-to-normal vision conducted multiple sequential block trials, where the targets are tapped in sequential order, and multiple Mixed block trials which involved constant switching between sequences. A Vanish/Remain condition randomised within trials which either made targets vanish from or remain on the visual display. A Repeated Measures ANOVA of the results showed that there are switch costs that result from switching sequences which implies that there is a cognitive demand when switching sequences which slows performance. Furthermore, there is still an initial elevated response, as is present in past single-sequence MILO trials which indicates that a visual plan of action is still implemented to a certain extent. There was also evidence that in the Mixed blocks, participants weren’t able to ignore previously ‘tagged’ locations later on in the trials, which conflicted with existing literature. Recommendations for further research to further understand how these switch costs present themselves in everyday tasks and to gain further insight on certain neuropsychological issues are proposed.