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DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.date.accessioned | 2020-08-31T09:29:17Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2020-08-31T09:29:17Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2009 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Muscat, N. (2009). Ir-rewwixta kontra l-Frangiskani f'Gerusalem (1746). Lehen l-Art Imqaddsa, 30(163), 17-24. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.uri | https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/60001 | - |
dc.description.abstract | L-istorja tal-Frangiskani fl-Art Imqaddsa kienet dejjem wahda ta’ taqlib u kuntrarjetà. Il-perjodu qasir tal-hakma tal-Krucjati li kienu jsaltnu fuq ir-Renju Latin ta’ Gerusalemm mill-1099 sal-wasla ta’ Salah-ed-Din, li kecca lill-Krucjati minn Gerusalemm fl-1187, kompla sahhah il-mibeghda bejn il-punent Kristjan u l-orjent Musulman. Il-Krucjati baqghu jahkmu xi bliet fortizzi fuq il-kosta tal-Palestina (Gaffa, il-«Castrum Peregrinorum» [Atlit], Akri) u tal-Libanu (Tir, Sidon, Tripli) matul is-seklu 13, imma fit-18 ta’ Mejju 1291 tkeccew ghal kollox mill-Art Imqaddsa meta Akri waqghet f’idejn is-sultan al-Ashraf. F’dan il-perjodu l-Frangiskani kienu prezenti f’dan ir-regjun, li kien jissejjah il-provincja tas-Sirja, jew «Oltremare». Fl-1217 fra Elia kien inhatar ministru provincjal tas-Sirja. Fl-1229 il-Frangiskani kellhom kunvent ckejken f’Gerusalemm, u kienu wkoll prezenti f’hafna mill-fortizzi Krucjati fuq il-kosta. Mal-waqgha tar-Renju Krucjat il-Frangiskani inqatlu, u dawk li rnexxilhom isalvaw kellhom jaharbu f’Cipru. Sfortunatament il-Frangiskani kienu jigu assocjati mal-Krucjati, ghax huma kienu Latini, jigiferi Kattolici, u l-Krucjati kienu gejjin minn pajjizi Kattolici fl- Ewropa (Italja, Franza, Germanja, Spanja, Portugal, Ingilterra). Minkejja dan, il-Frangiskani rnexxielhom jergghu jidhlu fl-Art Imqaddsa fil-bidu tas-seklu 14. Huma bdew jamministraw fil-Bazilika tal-Qabar ta’ Kristu sa mill-1272, meta r-re Karlu d’Anjou ta’ Sqallija ghamel trattat ta’ paci mas-sultan Bibars. Fl-1335 ir-re ta’ Napli Roberto d’Anjou u martu Sancia de Majorca xtraw ic-Cenaklu u tawh bhala proprjetà lill-Frangiskani. Fil-21 ta’ Novembru 1342 il-Papa Klement VI, bil-Bulla «Gratias agimus», iddikjara lill-Frangiskani bhala Kustodji ta’ l-Art Imqaddsa. Fl-1347 il-Frangiskani dahlu fil-pussess tal-Bazilika tan-Natività f’Betlehem. B’hekk, ghalkemm il-Krucjati kienu tilfu l-Art Imqaddsa minhabba l-vjolenza u l-korruzzjoni taghhom, il- Frangiskani rnexxielhom jergghu jidhlu jghixu fiha bil-messagg ta’ paci u rikonciljazzjoni. Dan, izda, ma fissirx li kien facli ghall-Frangiskani li jergghu jidhlu fl-Art Imqaddsa. Il-mibeghda lejn il-Kristjani min-naha tal-Musulmani u tal-Lhud kellha l-gheruq taghha fil-grajjiet imdemma ta’ zmien il-Krucjati. L-istess gara, sfortunatament, fil-kaz tal-Knejjes ohrajn orjentali prezenti fl-Art Imqaddsa, u partikolarment fil-kaz tal-Knisja Griega Ortodossa, li kienet tqis lilha nnifisha bhala werrieta ta’ l-imperu Bizantin, li mis-sena 313 (editt ta’ Kostantinu) sas-sena 638 (meta wasal il-Kaliff Omar u dahlet ir-religjon Musulmana) kien jahkem fl-Art Imqaddsa, li allura kienet kollha kemm hi Kristjana. | en_GB |
dc.language.iso | mt | en_GB |
dc.publisher | Kummissarjat Tal-Qabar Ta' Kristu F'Malta | en_GB |
dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | en_GB |
dc.subject | Crusades -- 13th-15th centuries | en_GB |
dc.subject | Franciscans. Custody of the Holy Land -- History | en_GB |
dc.subject | Franciscans -- Palestine -- History | en_GB |
dc.title | Ir-rewwixta kontra l-Frangiskani f'Gerusalem (1746) | en_GB |
dc.type | contributionToPeriodical | en_GB |
dc.rights.holder | The copyright of this work belongs to the author(s)/publisher. The rights of this work are as defined by the appropriate Copyright Legislation or as modified by any successive legislation. Users may access this work and can make use of the information contained in accordance with the Copyright Legislation provided that the author must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the prior permission of the copyright holder. | en_GB |
dc.description.reviewed | N/A | en_GB |
dc.publication.title | Lehen l-Art Imqaddsa | en_GB |
dc.contributor.creator | Muscat, Noel | - |
Appears in Collections: | Lehen l-Art Imqaddsa : Numru 163 : Jannar-Marzu : 2009 Lehen l-Art Imqaddsa : Numru 163 : Jannar-Marzu : 2009 |
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Ir-rewwixta_kontra_l-Frangiskani_f_Gerusalem_1746_2009.pdf | 396.72 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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