Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive metabolic disorder. Marked hyperglycaemia leads to serious vascular complications. Hence, addressing this modifiable risk factor is of paramount importance. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors represent a relatively new class of antidiabetic agents. They offer an intermediate glucose-lowering effect and through other pleiotropic effects provide cardiac and renal benefits. This review focuses on the mechanism of action, benefits and adverse effects of SGLT2 inhibitors. The authors also delineate the ideal type 2 diabetic candidate to receive SGLT2 inhibitors. This is critical as SGLT2 inhibitors should not be used in a ‘one-size-fits-all approach’ but their use should be individualized based on certain patient characteristics. This patient-centred approach aims at maximizing the benefits and reduce the risks associated with SGLT2 inhibitors.