Social sustainability within tourism policy : the integration of social dimensions within Malta’s tourism policy

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify existing policy responses that may address the negative social impacts of tourism. The study then looked at the Maltese context by analysing three Tourism Policy documents to highlight differences in policy responses and approaches towards a socially sustainable Tourism Policy. Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative methodology was selected with two distinct methods, each answering a research question. The state-of-the-art systematic literature review focused on a review of current literature on the existing policy responses to negative social impacts. Document analysis of three Tourism Policies reviewed the Maltese policy responses. Data was analysed by thematic analysis to reveal relationships and patterns that policy makers must consider. Findings: A thematic map for policy responses is designed based on the state-of-the art systematic review. Results showed that policy responses do address social impacts and are primarily regulatory, distributive, redistributive and institutional strengthening in nature. Social impacts are complex and inter-link with other impacts. Policy response must adapt to these, and address these complexities by integration and coordinated policies, backed by political will. Research limitations/implications: The research provided a sound overview of policy responses that were categorised according to the nature of the policy responses. This shows what policy responses may be effective in addressing the negative social impacts of tourism. Practical implications: The study contributes to formulating policy responses that better address the negative social impacts of tourism. Originality/value: The study highlights the need for a tourism policy that balances social sustainability with economic and environmental sustainability to foster sustainable tourism development. This research is original in that it presents a conceptual framework for policy responses for negative social impacts of tourism, identifies and examines whether such policy responses are integrated within Malta’s tourism policy. The research may be relevant to other small island states, or urban settings where tourism is of economic importance.