The perception and impact of emotional trauma upon active duty military personnel

Abstract

Background: Although the risk of emotional trauma and/or comorbid mental illness is on the increase, there remains a dearth in literature studying the experiences of soldiers suffering from emotional trauma resultant from search and rescue (SAR) missions. Objectives: This study looked to enhance understanding and increase awareness with regards to how military personnel perceive traumatic experiences and explore ways in which the soldiers’ lives have changed after experiencing these events. Design: A qualitative, case-study design, based upon the principles by Yin (2018) was implemented. Setting: The study took place within the Ammo and Explosive squadron, the Maritime squadron and Airwing section of the Armed Forces of Malta (AFM). Participants: A homogenous, purposive sample of ten male participants with at least five years’ working experience were recruited from the mentioned squadrons. Methodology: Participants were asked to capture a series of photographs representing events that have left an impact upon them and the changes that this brought about. The imagery was then discussed during a semi-structured interview, which was audiorecorded and later transcribed verbatim. Data analysis for the transcripts was carried out using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis, whereas photographic analysis was done using Oliffe et al. ‘s (2008) approach. Following Yin’s guidelines, both within-case analysis and cross-case synthesis were performed. Results: Three super-ordinate themes emerged, which summarise the essence of living with emotional trauma, namely: The invisible wounds of pain, Winds of change, and A distinct language. Conclusions: Emotional trauma within the military stems from factors related to various facets of the job and life in general. A considerable number of participants recounted how emotional trauma tends to take over major aspects of their lives, particularly since they have little or no time to wind down from traumatic events. In relation, the participants accounted to posttraumatic growth and admitted to undertaking numerous mechanisms that aid with coping. The study revealed the significance of providing soldiers with tailor-made psychological services and increased awareness surrounding mental health. Additionally, numerous strategies and recommendations were put forth, that can be implemented to overcome the barriers suppressing emotional aid.