The determinants of active ageing : a Maltese case study

Abstract

In the new circumstances of ageing population where increased longevity and improved health are major success, active ageing has been defined as the 21st century, new worldwide approach to older people achievements in terms of health, productivity, safe and fulfilling lifestyle (Buys et al, 2008). Active ageing empowers people to contribute in their physical, social, and mental wellbeing throughout their life course while being provided with ample protection, security and care when they need it. World Health Organisation (WHO, 2002: 17) gives a definition of active ageing as the "process of optimising opportunities for health, participation and security in order to enhance quality of life as people age". The Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (United Nations, 2002) ensured that people age with security and dignity, be active participants in society as citizens with full rights, while eliminating any discrimination against them. National statistics shows that similar demographic changes are occurnng in Malta where Maltese female outlive Maltese male and the 65 years and over have increased up to to 13. 7 per cent of the whole total Maltese population (NSO, 2005). This significant data indicates the urgent need to promote and implement policies and programmes that address the physical health, psychological wellbeing and active participation in social and economy throughout the life course in order to maintain independence and improve the quality of life, leading to significant savings on health and social care services. This research project adopted a quantitative approach to test the hypothesis that Maltese older persons of 65 years and over are active and that positive ratings of active ageing are associated with having optimum physical and psychological well-being and a strong social capital. It explored multiple variables by gender and age cohorts because of different characteristics and needs.