The growth of trade unionism in Malta 1943-1952 : a study in the development of industrial relations with special reference to the role of the General Workers Union

Abstract

‘Labour,' its supply and quality, the satisfaction it creates or the disappointments it causes and the particular problems encountered are all important aspects of the socio-economic history of a country. This dissertation analyses this aspect of Malta's history between 1943 and 1952, primarily from the regulation aspect. The dates chosen are of particular significance. By 1943 Maltese workers employed by the Imperial and Civil Governments, after having struggled for a suitable war bonus, continued to unite to obtain better working conditions. A strong trade union mentality was increasingly developing and this lead to the founding of the General Workers' Union. The problems created by the process of the dismantling of the war machine that led to dismissals and mass emigration had to be addressed. Workers started to enjoy the benefits of having bona fide and competent trade union leaders. Wages were improved, emigration was regulated and assisted and landmark legislation was enacted. This contrasted with pre-war days, when workers were only offered help through benefit societies, and the trade union movement was rudimentary and fragmented. Sometimes it was dominated by politicians and engulfed by political intrigue. Labour legislation was indeed limited. By contrast, the Trade Union Act 1945 recognised the right to strike and protected trade union funds while the Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1948 provided a machinery for the solution of industrial problems. Further, the Conditions of Employment (Regulation) Act 1952 regulated employment in private industry. During the period under review, Malta was still a British colony and after 1947 it enjoyed self-government. Labour was in the hands of the Maltese Government but the British Government controlled 'defence' as a 'reserved matter.' This led to a conflict of interests that sometimes created problems. Still, trade unions while protecting the workers' interests were a factor that significantly helped the orderly solution of labour problems.