The physical and mechanical properties of lower coralline limestone formation in the Maltese Islands

Abstract

Lower Coralline Limestone was extensively used in the construction of various buildings and structures. This limestone was in general used since it was more durable and impermeable when exposed to sea spray when compared to the softer and permeable Lower Globigerina Limestone, especially when exposed to high levels of salt from rising damp or sea spray in exposed coastal areas. The mechanical and physical properties of the four members that constitute the Lower Coralline Limestone have not yet been studied in detail for civil engineering use as well as for stone conservation and restoration works. In this study the of the physical and mechanical properties has been undertaken on samples of the four members of the Lower Coralline Limestone obtained from three locations of the Maltese Islands. Basic tests on this natural stone were carried out the determine its physical and mechanical properties. The tests included the determination of water absorption, apparent density, real density and total and open porosity, water absorption co-efficient by capillarity, uni-axial compressive strength, flexural strength, resistance to salt crystallization, abrasion and Los Angeles test.