War damage in Europe : effect on society, and the post-war reconstruction strategies adopted

Abstract

Post-war reconstruction is a complex process, influenced by many factors. War damage itself leaves an impact on a society, and the buildings themselves are reminders of these scars. Hence the reconstruction choices made are never going to be solely for practical reasons. Through this research an investigation of these processes has been carried out, one which examines the theories already in existence about this topic. This includes research on the effects of memory and destruction on a society, reasons behind the destruction of buildings, and the role of architects in the reconstruction process. This investigation was then continued through the use of several case studies, taking cities which have undergone a post-war reconstruction process as examples. An emphasis was made on the study of the main influential factors in these cases, such as the local community, funding and foreign aid groups. It was concluded that a building's value to society, combined with its use, and the amount of damage it sustained, are the main factors influencing its likelihood of survival, however there are several extenuating circumstances which can subvert this decision. A classification of building typologies was created, one showing their likelihood of being restored, and the methods most likely to be used for their reconstruction. Several common issues in these processes were identified, as well as the elements which can help overcome them. A recommendation is also made for the ways an architect can fulfill their role in these post-war reconstruction processes, as well as ways in which this research could be further expanded upon.